Data references

We have used the following data sources for making these maps:

Airports regions

Data source: https://openflights.org/data.html. The database has been compiled from data stored on OurAirports.com and the Digital Aeronautical Flight Information File (DAFIF), curated by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).

Airports

Boarders

Data source: Flanders Marine Institute. www.marineregions.org

Flight routes

Data source: Huang Z, Wu X, Garcia AJ, Fik TJ, Tatem AJ (2013) An Open-Access Modeled Passenger Flow Matrix for the Global Air Network in 2010. PLoS ONE 8(5):e64317. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064317

Night lights

Data source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Centers for Environmental Information. https://ngdc.noaa.gov/eog/dmsp/downloadV4composites.html

Power lines

Data source: Open Street Map. https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:power%3Dline

Power plants

Data source: Data source: Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. 2018. Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; http://resourcewatch.org/ https://earthengine.google.com/

Railways

Data source: Open street maps. https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:railway

Endagered species

Data source: Mapographics, IUCN.

Rivers

Data source: Allen and Pavelsky (2018) Global Extent of Rivers and Streams. Science.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat0636

Roads

Data source: Meijer, J.R., Huijbegts, M.A.J., Schotten, C.G.J. and Schipper, A.M. (2018): Global patterns of current and future road infrastructure. Environmental Research Letters, 13-064006. Data is available at www.globio.info

Shipping

Data source: Benjamin Halpern, Melanie Frazier, John Potapenko, Kenneth Casey, Kellee Koenig, et al. 2015. Cumulative human impacts: raw stressor data (2008 and 2013). Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1S180FS.

Human biomes

Data source: Ellis, E. C., K. Klein Goldewijk, S. Siebert, D. Lightman, and N. Ramankutty. 2010. Anthropogenic transformation of the biomes, 1700 to 2000. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19(5):589-606

Arctic bathymetry

Data source: Mapographics, Becker, J. J., D. T. Sandwell, W. H. F. Smith, J. Braud, B. Binder, J. Depner, D. Fabre, J. Factor, S. Ingalls, S-H. Kim, R. Ladner, K. Marks, S. Nelson, A. Pharaoh, R. Trimmer, J. Von Rosenberg, G. Wallace, P. Weatherall., Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS, Marine Geodesy, 32:4, 355-371, 2009. Sandwell, D. T., and W. H. F. Smith, Global marine gravity from retracked Geosat and ERS-1 altimetry: Ridge Segmentation versus spreading rate, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B01411, doi:10.1029/2008JB006008, 2009."

Intact nature

Data source: Tim Newbold; Lawrence N Hudson; Andrew P Arnell; Sara Contu et al. (2016). Dataset: Global map of the Biodiversity Intactness Index, from Newbold et al. (2016) Science. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). https://doi.org/10.5519/0009936

Contours

Data source: Nasa. Jet Propoulsion Laboratory. ASTER Global Digital Elevation Map.

Forest cover

Data source: Hansen, M. C., P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S. A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R. Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G. Townshend. 2013. “High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change.” Science 342 (15 November): 850–53.

Land cover

Data source: Chen J., Ban Y., Li S. China: Open access to Earth land-cover map[J]. Nature, 2014, 514(7523): 434-434. DOI:10.1038/514434c.

Human density

Data source: WorldPop (www.worldpop.org - School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton; Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville; Departement de Geographie, Universite de Namur) and Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University (2018). Global High Resolution Population Denominators Project - Funded by The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1134076). https://dx.doi.org/10.5258/SOTON/WP00647

Human footprint

Data source: "Venter, O., E.W. Sanderson, A. Magrach, J.R. Allan, J. Beher, K.R. Jones, H.P. Possingham, W.F. Laurance, P. Wood, B.M. Fekete, M.A. Levy, J.E. Watson. 2016. ""Global Terrestrial Human Footprint Maps for 1993 and 2009."" Scientific Data 3: 160067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.67. Accessed through Resource Watch, (date). www.resourcewatch.org."